Independence Movement in Post-Colonial Sub-Saharan Africa

This essay will investigate the independence movement in post-colonial sub-saharan Africa though the case studies of four African nations; namely Uganda, Ethiopia, Sao Tome, and Nigeria. The major factors that will be compared between these nations are their geographical location both in the African sphere and in the European sphere, the presence of valuable resources, the wealth and power of the pre-colonial government, the length of time under a colonial power, the civility, or lack thereof, on the path to independence, and their relations with their â€Å"parent† european nation after independence was achieved. Using these facts a starting point, this essay will examine the relative success of the independence movement in each of these nations. It will also briefly address the concept of a unified Africa in the context of each nation’s independence movement. This essay will attempt to mount an objective and critical view of both the African governments in the post-colonial era and the colonial powers themselves, but will not fall into the rut of blaming the colonial powers for all of Africa’s problems. As this essay will show, a time must come when the path to improvement must involve responsibility on both sides. In order to understand the process of African colonisation, and independence, one must start not with the introduction of European colonialism in the 19th century, but with the existing political landscape of formed nearly six-hundred years earlier. In describingShow MoreRelatedFrom Coloniarl Rule to Civil War: Angola1768 Words   |  7 Pages2 Introduction From colonial rule to civil war, Angola is no stranger to elongated and extremely bloody conflicts. 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Essay on G.I.R.L.S. Keeping It Real - 562 Words

G.I.R.L.S. Keeping It Real (Girls, Independent and Proud, Relationships on Equal Terms, Leaders Today and Tomorrow, Staying Safe and Strong) is an initiative to empower at-risk 11-15 year old females throughout the city of Wilmington, Delaware, with the knowledge and skills empowering them to make good decisions and lead peaceful and productive lives. Six monthly G.I.R.L.S. Teen Summits (Teen Summits) have been developed with the goal of reducing the occurrence of youth gang violence and related crime by: increasing positive decision-making skills, increasing capacity to resist negative peer pressure, providing girls with a healthy view of interpersonal relationships and human sexuality, coaching participants to channel anger into†¦show more content†¦These partners work together to plan and participate in each Teen Summit, so that it is of maximum benefit to the participants. Each colleague facilitates a summit based on their area of expertise. The Wilmington City Police provide safety at each Teen Summit, they have also spoken on the topic of careers in policing, gang resistance, community safety, and the importance of bridging the gap between law enforcement and the community. A core group of girls continues to attend each summit, including girls adjudicated to a therapeutic group environment. More girls attend each subsequent summit. In one case, one of the girls attending the Teen Summit had planned to meet two older teenage boys prior to going home. As a result of the summit, she called her parents to pick her up instead. Two teen mothers attended the summit with their infants and admitted the serious hardships of teen motherhood and issues that impair their ability to continue their education. At another summit, when questioned  ¾ of the group indicated that they knew gang members and one participant asked the gang prevention specialist strategies on how she could help get a friend out of a gang. Another participant felt safe enough to disclose to the whole group of girls that she had be physically and sexually abused by her boyfriend. Coalition experts immediately

Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology Free Essays

Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology University of Phoenix Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology Often one hears the question, what is wrong with the people in the world today? This question could be asked after watching a news story about a mother murdering her children, gangs terrorizing neighborhoods, terroristic acts committed against large community locations, and riots after a soccer game, or even hate crimes committed due to discrimination. Each of these subjects always brings up questions about why acts such as these occur. Social Psychology can attempt to answer some of these questions. We will write a custom essay sample on Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology or any similar topic only for you Order Now In effect, social psychology seeks to answer many questions. Social Psychology is very different in that this field tries to understand all characteristics of social behavior and the significance on the individual both positive and negative. Some research would suggest that anyone might act in a similar fashion as the person who commits a terrorist act, or the mother who murders her children if he or she were in the same situation and that the behavior has little to do with the character of that person. This concept is situationism and while it does appear extreme, situationism plays a role in social psychology. In the following pages, what situationism is and how it pertains to social psychology is addressed. In addition, a definition of what social psychology is as well as the main characteristics of it. Last, an explanation of the five core social motives is offered and how they too affect the field of social psychology. Social Psychology Social Psychology covers so many topics that one could not possibly list them all at one time. These topics range from interpersonal relationships to group behavior, from prosocial behavior to discrimination and prejudice and everything else in between. The broad coverage of topics generates difficulty in narrowing the subject down to a strict definition. However, according to Fiske, (2010, p 4) â€Å"Social psychology is the scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of other human beings. † Of course as stated by Fiske, this is the traditional definition of Social Psychology. This definition dates all the way back to one of the fathers of Social Psychology, Gordon Allport (Fiske, 2010). In essence, Social Psychology is about how people influence each other. If one can imagine each way, another could possibly influence a person then he or she may achieve a better understanding of how broad this subject is. Because Social Psychology covers a broad scope of topics, broad scope by definition is one of the key characteristics of Social Psychology. The broad scope of topics is only one of the characteristics of Social Psychology; another and very important characteristic is Cultural Mandate. Just as any of field of Psychology needs to stay current so too does Social psychology need to stay current. Because of the ever-changing world and the populations within it, cultures change. Because culture affects individual behavior, it is important to keep up with the changes. These changes occur from town to town within the United States, to larger cultural structures across the globe. For Social Psychology to stay current, an accommodation to the changing cultures is mandatory. One reason it is important to keep up with changes in cultures and how they affect individual behaviors is the research involved. This research helps build credible scientific knowledge (Fiske, 2010). Most people today depend on science to present the facts instead of relying on the traditional methods of understanding, which is often only common sense knowledge. Fiske, (2010, p. 34) tells us, â€Å"Social psychology goes beyond common sense to build a scientific understanding of human social behavior. † Therefore, the Scientific Method is the third key characteristic of Social Psychology. What can be more important than proper â€Å"techniques, procedures, analyses, and standards that create scientifically reliable knowledge? † (Fiske, 2010, p. 34) Maybe, one other characteristic is more important, or maybe just as important. The search for wisdom may be the last key characteristics of Social Psychology but being last in this instance does not mean that it is less important. This characteristic is probably the most compassionate aspect of Social Psychology. This characteristic is the search for ways to help improve the circumstances of individuals in certain situations. One already knows that knowledge is important such as that gained from the scientific method, but without compassion and understanding of morals and intellectual concerns Social Psychology would not be the field of study that it is. Perhaps Fiske states it best when she describes it like this, â€Å"Wisdom comprises knowledge about people and the world, combined with enduring moral, intellectual, and societal concerns that together make sense in the social context of people’s lived experience† (Fiske, 2010, p. 34). Again, it is all about making sense of how individuals influence each other in every way imaginable. Situationism Situationism is a controversial topic. For instance, someone walking down the sidewalk drops money on the ground; the person behind them picks the money up and returns it to the owner. According to situationism this return of the money to the owner is not due to any type of personality trait the person possesses but simply because the situation calls for it. According to Sabine and Silver, (2005, p. 3) â€Å"virtue is not a general disposition to act in a certain way, but a disposition to act in a certain way under quite specific circumstances. † Therefore, the person returning the money may well behave honestly in that particular circumstance but may not necessarily be honest in all aspects of life. This does leave an opening for some broad interpretation but that is a different point altogether. An individual’s orientation to social contexts, always consist of other people, many researchers even say life is dependent upon social interactions. According to Fiske â€Å"our responsiveness to social situations and therefore their considerable impact results from evolutionary pressures for individuals to survive in groups† (2010, p. 14). If one has doubts about the power of situations all that is needed is some time to revisit the Stafford Prison Experiment. It is possible that given the same situation anyone would behave in a similar manner no matter his or her personality type. Core Social Motives In order for individuals to survive in groups there must be something that drives this need for individuals to be a part of groups. While there are many needs that individuals have, researchers have narrowed down these needs to five core social motives. The most prominent motive is one most people can surely relate to and that is belonging. Most people are motivated to belong to a group of some type of another. Life is much easier when others are around for many reasons, making the group work easier is one of them, not to mention the feeling of safety one has when they are around others who they believe they can trust (Newman, Lohman, Newman, 2007). Many people are so motivated to belong they will often change their behavior to become a part of a group. Those who are more socially adaptive and feel a strong sense of belonging, whether that belonging is strong family ties, friends , community, state or nation, belonging is crucial, and has been proven to have some health benefits and those who feel a sense of belonging are happier also. In one study using adolescents and peer relationships â€Å"adolescents who viewed peer group membership as very important to them and had a positive sense of peer group belonging had significantly fewer behavior problems than those who viewed peer group membership as very important but did not have a positive sense of peer group belonging† (Newman, Lohman, Newman, 2007, par. 2). While this study used adolescents as subjects, those who feel more pressure to fit in than most other groups the need for belonging is not inclusive to this group. Although belonging is the core motive and a powerful one, it is not the only motive. Another important motive is, understanding. How one understands his or her environment is crucial to the group dynamic. One uncomfortable feeling that accompanies an individual and stops them from feeling as if they are a part of a group is doubt. When people do not understand the environment or situation occurring around them they often believe that other people do have understanding of the situation or at least some knowledge of it. Nothing is more frustrating than feeling that sense of being the only one that does not know or understand or as if one has no control over a situation. Control is the third core motive and closely related to understanding. People who understand what is going on in the environment have a firmer sense of control over the situation and are thus happier healthier people (Fiske, 2010). The last two motives neither are cognitive motives nor are they fundamentally the most important but do serve a purpose. A long held belief is that self-esteem is important to the daily lives of individuals. It is true that most people like to hear praise from others for a job well done or be complimented on his or her good qualities but self-enhancement is more about improvement of the self not just the perception of it. Aside from feeling good about the self however self-enhancement is good for the group because those who feel good are more sociable. People who have low self-esteem are more often withdrawn and want to have nothing to do with others. In addition, those who have a low sense of self tend to behave in destructive ways, which in turn creates group dysfunction. Most people in a group do not want to be around someone who commits to negative behaviors. The last motive is trust and although it is last on the list, it would appear to be one of the most important although it does not rank that high. Trust is everything in a group. Who would want to belong to a group if everyone was on guard because no one trusted the other? By trusting, one believes in others to do what is right and not bring harm to those that believe in them, much like faith. There are no guarantees that one may not get hurt but it is important to not live life in a paranoid state. Fiske sums up trust this way, â€Å"Trust facilitates daily life. It makes people both liked and likable, and with good reason. Trusting people deserve trust; they are unlikely to cheat or steal. They are more successful socially, being less suspicious, vindictive, resentful, and lonely than distrusting people† (Fiske, 2010, p. 24) In short trusting people create a trusting environment for others around them. Conclusion Everything people do has social motives. Some researchers believe that life is dependent on social interactions. Without the help from others, life would be incredibly difficult and boring. People often depend on others for love and support. Social rules, help keep individuals on a more positive track and out of trouble, of course there are exceptions to the rule as with anything else. Social Psychology attempts to explain how every interaction affects individuals. With such a broad range of topics, it is amazing that Social Psychology focuses so much on the Scientific Method. However, because the topics are related to human behavior Social Psychology also deals with the more compassionate side as well, and looks to improve the human condition. References Fiske, S. T. (2010). Social beings: Core Motives in Social Psychology (2nd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Newman, B. , Lohman, B. , Newman, P. (2007). Peer group membership and a sense of belonging: their relationship to adolescent behavior problems. Adolescence, 42(166), 241-263. Retrieved from Education Research Complete database. Sabini, J. , Silver, M. (2005). Lack of Character? Situationism Critiqued. Ethics, 115(3), 535-562. Retrieved from SocINDEX with Full Text database. How to cite Conceptual Foundations of Social Psychology, Papers

Ethical Issues in the Case Study-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Write a report on the Ethical Issues. Answer: Introduction The present case study relates to a statistical database programmer, Jeans who is engaged in writing a large statistical program for her company. Her work is delayed due to the complex nature of the work, but her manager pressurized her to submit the project within a few days. As a result, she merged some parts of the code from the work of her co-worker and a commercial software package of another company into her work. Without mentioning these facts to her manager, she submits the work in a day(Aynsley, 2015). Analysis of the situation The present case discusses about the use of unethical means by the statistical database developer who is under pressure to submit the project in a few days without understanding the complex nature of the work. The course also takes notice of the employee who uses wrong techniques in order to furnish the work on time and hiding the same from the authorities. The ethical norms of the organization are not followed in the organization. It was unethical on the part of the manager to put so much pressure on the employee that there was no option left for her except to complete the project at any cost. However, whatever may be the circumstances, she should not have used the parts of the program of her colleague and commercial software package of another company. The situation has become more difficult by hiding the same thing from the management of the organization who are ultimately responsible for the rising as well as the downfall of the organization(Gilman, 2005). The major ethical issue involved in the case is the wrong use of technology by Jeans, the software developer who is given such a responsible task for the betterment of the organization. Being in such a responsible position, he should have behaved ethically and should not have incorporated the parts of the work of other projects into her project. Moreover, she does not reveal the incorporation of the parts of the project from other sources to the management. Such type of activity on the part of the employee is unethical as well as bring negative effect on the organization. The manager is also equally responsible for breaking the ethical norms of the organization. He should have understood the problem of his employee and the complex nature of the work. Putting pressure on the employees to finish the project in a few days is unethical and such type of behavior is not acceptable ethically(Association, 2010). The shareholders and investors had spent a lot of money for the enhancement of the organization. The company is highly affected by the employees wrongdoings. The training of the employees is very important for the benefit of the organization, otherwise the company will suffer a huge loss and perform in an unethical manner (Hutchings, 2016). The company has the responsibility to provide the training to employees regarding the consequences of the unethical behavior. Therefore, training programs should be held in the organization from time to time in order to give knowledge to the employees about the adverse effects of their activities. Employees are the main part of the organization as the development and progress of the organization is dependent on the performance of the employees. However, the company owners and management team focused to spend the extra time, money and efforts on the training and development programs. Apart from this, the company should also focus on reducing the co mmunication gap between the management and employees and it is very important to share the problems with each other in an open way and to communicate freely(PMI, 2012).Openness is the essential part of the code of ethics and it is mandatory to manage the code of ethics by the management of the company. Analysis of the situation from the point of view of an ICT Professional using the ACS Code of Ethics The Information and communication technology industry has not yet laid down its own legislations and standards and normally follow the ACS code of ethics. Ethics are the most important part of the industry as they are contributing with an intent of enhancement and betterment of the industry by implementing the process of code of ethics in a proper way. Ethics are those values that protect the working environment of the company as it it includes the several elements such as the reliability, esteem, sincerity and the trustworthiness(American Counseling, 2014). These elements are required to manage in the organization properly to avoid the unethical activities. As per the ACS code of ethics, the organization can maintain the appropriate standards in order to enhance the integrity of the ICT industry. According to the ACS code of ethics, every employee working in the information and communication technology treated with the esteem and honor. However, discrimination should be strictly avo ided as per the ACS code of ethics. Therefore, these ICT industries are liable to take the legal and corrective actions against those people who engaged in the unethical behavior(CIMA, 2015). Code of ethics consists of the four main principles that are required to follow in order to maintain the integrity of the organization. Open communication is the first principle of the code of ethics. This communication stands for communication between the management and employees. Every employee and management need to listen about the problems facing by each other patiently as well as carefully. The lack of communication between the two may create the problems and unethical issues. The problems of the employee and management can be resolved if there is a strong connection exists in the employees and management of the company(Merkel Burmeister, 2015). Respect each other is the second principle and it is a common practice which focuses on the take respect and give respect to others. Nobody can give respect to the person if they are disrespectful to others. The arrogant behavior of the management and workers have the negative impact on the working environment of the company. Sincerity is the third principle of code of ethics that demands loyalty and honestly from the employees. All the principle of the code of ethics leads to the development of the organization. The excellence is the fourth and last element of the code of ethics. The excellence in the code of ethics stands for the satisfaction as well as the obligation of the employees towards the organization(NASW, 2017). The implementation of these principles of the code of ethics is largely dependent on the management. Ethics is the framework that helps in the determining the right and wrong activities of the employees. The sharing of the opinions is assumed to be the ethical in nature that results in the increase of the performance of the organization. Ethics is a framework which sets the limits of the activities of the employees and helps them to distinguish between right and wrong activities. It is ethical to share the opinions between the management and the employees which increase the performance at workplace. In case of absence of proper ethics, the employees do not communicate freely with the management as a result the integrity of the organization is endangered and can prove disadvantageous for the organization(Rogerson, 2012). In the present case both the employee and the manager failed to follow the professional ethics. The Manager should have considered the complexity of the project and should not have forced his employee to submit the work in a quick way. On the other hand, Jeans should also not hide the important information of integration of the work from other sources from the manager. The employee had made use of the technology in a wrong way in order to reduce the efforts and made the project easier in order to submit it on time. And the more unethical professional practice on the part of the employee is not to reveal these facts to the manager of the company(Society, 2009). Every employee of the company should respect the ethical system of the organization and should try to maintain the same. It is necessary on the part of the management as well as on the employees to establish their precedence, capabilities while aiding the society and their acts should not in any way have adverse effect on the shareholders and investors of the company. Skilled development training should be given to the employees so that they would be able to understand and analyze the ultimate consequences of their unethical activities. Technology can play a significant part in this regard. In the present case both the employee and the manager failed to implement the necessary standards, regulations and code of ethics in professional practice. It is essential that code of ethics should be applied and implemented properly in the organization while making use of the technology. The use of technology should not be made beyond the standards and regulations of the organization. Jeans had made the misuse of technology by integrating the work of another co-worker in her project(Graham Low, 2014). Using the software package of another company and the integration of the same in her project is also unethical and against the norms set by the organization. Every organization who maintain and implement ethics in the workplace obtained good performance and is able to maintain the integrity of the organization. Human beings are not ethically perfect. It is the organization which needs to spend time, effort and money to maintain ethics in the employees through training programmes and a proper control system (Zahedi et al., 2013). Using unethical means can be beneficial for a short term but in order to maintain the integrity of the organization for a long turn ethical behavior is required to be maintained and implemented in the organization. The loyalty and honesty of the employees towards the organization is required in order to achieve competitive advantage. It is very easy for the customer to distinguish between the ethical and unethical organization and they are attracted to the organization who uses ethical means in the organization. The Ethical structure of the organization is important in recruiting ethical employees. Every person is embedded with some moral principles, whether given by parents or teachers(Ferguson, et al., 2005). The ethical and unethical behavior of the employees can be judged by the organization at the time of the recruitment process. The code of ethics of the organization further minimizes the risk of ethical dilemma. Conclusion that brings together the two analyses and presents overall recommendations It is concluded that both the employee, Jeans and the manager are equally responsible for the unethical behavior. The manager should have shown a respectful and cooperative behavior towards Jeans so that she can concentrate on her project freely. But the pressure he put on Jeans was unethical. Software developer projects are the tasks of difficult and complex nature which needs sufficient time for the accomplishment of the project. The pressure build on Jeans shows the unethical behavior of the manager. On the other hand, the software developer Jeans also uses unethical means to accomplish the task in less time. In order to reduce her effort, she made use of other parts of the project of her co-worker into her work. In both the cases it is the organization who is ultimately affected by the unethical behavior of the employee and the manager(Wheeler, 2003). The arrogant behavior of the manager who failed to understand the complexity of the project is the main reason that she does not r eveal this fact to the management of the organization. Recommendations It is recommended that that the employees should uphold ethics while making use of the technology in the workplace. The management should also keep a proper watch on the employees regarding their activities, performance, behavior and the technology they use on the regular basis. It is necessary that self-awareness should be created among employees as regard to the code of ethics in professional practices. Ethical management becomes impossible when there is lacking in the control system of the organization(Leicester, 2016). A tremendous enhancement can be seen in those organization who have the employees of superior capabilities and follow and maintain the ethics of the organization in the workplace. In order to establish and maintain the ethics, a lot of time and efforts should be devoted in the organization by the management. Training programs should be held in the organization from time to time in order to give knowledge to the employees about the adverse effects of their activities. Employees are the main part of the organization as the development and progress of the organization is dependent on the performance of the employees. However, the company owners and management team focused to spend the extra time, money and efforts on the training and development programs(Dileepk, 2015). Communication within the organization is required in order to prevent unethical issues. If the ethics within the organization is properly implemented, it can increase the efficiency of the organization for a long term. A proper communication system can reduce many problems relating to ethical issues in any organization. A proper strategy can be made with regard to communication and training programmes. There should be a proper knowledge among the employees relating to the consequences and results of ethical and unethical issues. Training workshops should be conducted from time to time for the implementation of the code of ethics in the workshops. A safe learning environment is required to be established in the organization in order to build trust in the training workshops (Bowern et al., 2006). There can be some employees if the organization who keep silence in serious issues prevailing in the organization for the fear of loss of job. As a result, the organization is adversely affected by these acts of the employees. Ethical framework is required to be followed by every organization. The Ethical framework of the organization helps in making the right decision about the organization. The goals of the organization can be achieved if the ethical code of conduct is effectively implemented in the organization. The growth and development of any organization is dependent on the performance of its staff. The capable and ethical staff who is embedded with the principles of honesty, loyalty and integrity prove a boon for the organization. The proper implementation of ethics in the organization can be beneficial for the reputation and integrity of the organization. No organization can sustain competitive advantage without the implementation of ethical structure in the workplace References Association, A. P., 2010. Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, Available at: https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/principles.pdf Aynsley, B., 2015. Ethics essential for ICT professionals, Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/technology/opinion/ethics-essential-for-ict-professionals/news-story/78307af0586683a61e7a0d537c5f6cf8 Bowern, M., Burmeister, O., Gotterbarn, D. Weckert, J., 2006. ICT Integrity: bringing the ACS code of ethics up to date. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 13(2). CIMA, 2015. Ethical checklist: You need to act quickly when facing an ethical dilemmal, Available at: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Global/Images/standards-and-ethics/ethics_checklist_web_June2015_update.pdf Dileepk, 2015. Introduction to the ICA05 Training Package, Available at: https://dileepk.com/multimedia/05_THEORY_Ethical_Conduct_ICAW4214A/resources/ASC_CodeofEthics.pdf Ferguson, S. et al., 2005. Case studies and codes of ethics: the relevance of the ethics: the relevance of the, Available at: https://www.canberra.edu.au/researchrepository/file/e4e124f4-b65b-1813-688a-8787cb3cf95d/1/fulltext_published.pdf Gilman, S., 2005. Ethics codes and codes of conduct as tools for promoting an ethical and professional public service: comparative successes and lessons, Available at: https://www.oecd.org/mena/governance/35521418.pdf Graham, G. Low, G., 2014. ACS Code of Professional Conduct, Available at: https://www.acs.org.au/content/dam/acs/rules-and-regulations/Code-of-Professional-Conduct_v2.1.pdf Hutchings, T., 2016. Protecting the Profession Professional Ethics in the Classroom, Available at: https://www.ets.org/s/proethica/pdf/real-clear-articles.pdf Leicester, N., 2016. Ethics in the IT Profession: Does a Code of Ethics have an Effect on Professional Behaviour?, Available at: https://researcharchive.vuw.ac.nz/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10063/5127/project.pdf?sequence=1 Merkel, R. Burmeister, O., 2015. A code of ethics in IT: just lip service or something with bite?, Available at: https://theconversation.com/a-code-of-ethics-in-it-just-lip-service-or-something-with-bite-32807 NASW, 2017. Code of Ethics: Approved by the 1996 NASW Delegate Assembly and revised by the 2008 NASW Delegate Assembly. [Online] Available at: https://www.socialworkers.org/About/Ethics/Code-of-Ethics.aspx PMI, 2012. Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct, Available at: https://pmi-dhc.ca/images/downloads/Website_Downloads/ap_pmicodeofethics.ashx.pdf Rogerson, S., 2012. ICT Codes of Ethics: CEPIS, Available at: https://www.cepis.org/media/SimonRogerson-ICTCodesofEthics1.pdf Society, T. B. P., 2009. Code of Ethics and Conduct: Guidance published by the Ethics Committee of the British Psychological Society, Available at: https://beta.bps.org.uk/sites/beta.bps.org.uk/files/Policy%20-%20Files/Code%20of%20Ethics%20and%20Conduct%20%282009%29.pdf Wheeler, S., 2003. Comparing Three IS Codes of Ethics ACM, ACS and BCS, Available at: https://www.pacis-net.org/file/2003/papers/ethics/234.pdf Zahedi, E., Sanjari, M. Aala, M., 2013. The Code of Ethics for Nurses. PMC journal, 42(1), p. 18.